Sendai Framework: Disaster Risk Reduction

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (Sendai Framework) was the first significant agreement of the post–2015 development agenda and offers Member States specific actions to safeguard development gains from disaster risk.

 

The Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development, the New Urban Agenda, and finally the Sustainable Development Goals all complement each other under the Sendai Framework. Following the 2015 Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), the UN General Assembly endorsed it. It calls for:

 

The significant decrease of disaster risk and losses to people's health, lives, and property as well as to the economic, physical, social, and cultural assets of individuals, groups of people, and nations.

It acknowledges that while the State has the primary responsibility for lowering the risk of disaster, that duty should be shared with other stakeholders, such as local government, the private sector, and other stakeholders. 

 

The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters was the predecessor to Sendai Framework. It is the result of stakeholder discussions that were started in March 2012 and intergovernmental negotiations that were sponsored by the UNDRR at the UN General Assembly's request and held from July 2014 to March 2015.

 

The Sendai Framework implementation, follow-up, and review are supported by United Nation Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). 

 

The Disaster Loss Data Collection Tool (also known as "DesInventar Sendai") is a crucial component of the Sendai Framework online monitoring tool. It enables the creation and upkeep of fully compliant Loss Databases that can be used to gather the information necessary for Global Targets A, B, C, and D.

 

Top priority; Understanding disaster risk

Understanding disaster risk in all of its dimensions—vulnerability, capability, exposure of people and assets, hazard characteristics, and environment—should serve as the foundation for disaster risk management. Utilizing this information can help with risk assessment, mitigation, prevention, readiness, and response. 

 

Priority 2: Improving governance for disaster risk management

Disaster risk governance is crucial for prevention, mitigation, readiness, response, recovery, and rehabilitation at the national, regional, and international levels. It encourages teamwork and cooperation. 

 

Priority 3: Making investments to build resilience against disasters

Enhancing the economic, social, health, and cultural resilience of people, communities, nations, and their assets as well as the environment requires public and private investment in disaster risk prevention and mitigation through structural and non-structural approaches. 

 

Priority 4; enhancing catastrophe preparedness for efficient response and to "Build Back Better" in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction 

 

Due to the increase in disaster risk, it is necessary to improve disaster readiness for pragmatic response, take action in advance of potential events, and make sure that the necessary resources are available for efficient response and recovery at all levels. A crucial chance to rebuild better exists during the recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction phases, especially by incorporating catastrophe risk reduction into development strategies.

 

The Sendai Framework focuses on the adoption of actions that address the three aspects of disaster risk (exposure to hazards, vulnerability and capacity, and hazard's characteristics) in order to stop the emergence of new risks, lessen current risks, and boost resilience. Seven worldwide goals (refer image given below) are outlined in the Sendai Framework as benchmarks for success and as guidelines. The Sendai Framework Monitor is an online tool that collects self-reported progress statistics from member nations toward the seven Sendai Framework global targets using a set of 38 Sendai Framework indicators. The indicators track development and identify broad trends in risk and loss reduction. 

 

Global targets and indicators: By 2030, the 38 global indicators and 7 global targets will be used to assess how well each nation is doing in reducing the risk of disaster. These will aid in the global analysis of country-level data at the global level that is included in the biannual Global Assessment Reports that are submitted by nations. 

 

There are individual aims and indicators in addition to the 38 global indicators. The Member States' national definitions of the custom targets and indicators are used to assess their progress in relation to the Sendai Framework's four priorities. The national DRR reports of the countries reflect them and are based on the priorities of the respective countries.

 

To track progress made worldwide in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, a set of 38 indicators was chosen. The Sendai Framework's worldwide aims will be measured using the indicators, which will also reveal global patterns in risk and loss reduction.

 

Global Target A: Significantly decrease global disaster mortality by 2030, with a focus on lowering the average global death per 100,000 people between 2020 and 2030 in comparison to 2005 to 2015.

 

A-1 (compound) - Per 100,000 people, the number of fatalities and missing persons attributed to disasters.

A-2- Per 100,000 people, the number of deaths related to disasters.

A-3- Per 100,000 people, the number of missing people attributable to disasters.

 

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 defines the scope of disaster in paragraph 15 and applies to small-scale, large-scale, frequent, sudden, and slow-onset disasters caused by natural or man-made hazards, as well as related environmental, technological, and biological risks and hazards.

 

Global target B: Significantly reduce the number of affected people worldwide by 2030, with a goal of lowering the global average per 100,000 between 2020 and 2030 in comparison to 2005 to 2015.

 

B-1 (compound) - number of people that were directly impacted by disasters per 100,000 people.

B-2- number of individuals hospitalized or injured as a result of disasters per 100,000 inhabitants.

B-3- number of persons whose homes were damaged as a result of disasters.

B-4- number of persons whose homes were destroyed as a result of disasters.

B-5- the quantity of persons whose livelihoods were damaged or lost as a result of disasters.

 

Global Target C; Reduce direct disaster economic loss as a percentage of world GDP by 2030.

C-1 (compound) - Direct economic damage brought on by disasters as a percentage of the world's GDP.

C-2-Disasters are directly attributable for agricultural losses.

Crops, cattle, fisheries, apiculture, aquaculture, and forestry are all considered to be a part of agriculture, along with any related structures and infrastructure.

C-3- Direct economic loss to all other disaster-related damaged or destroyed productive assets.

 

By economic sector, including services, productive assets would be broken down using accepted international categories. Reports from nations would be based on the economic sectors that affected their own economies. The accompanying metadata would include a description of this.

 

C-4- Disasters are directly responsible for economic loss in the housing sector.

 

Data would be broken down into damaged and destroyed homes.

C-5- Direct financial loss as a result of disaster-related vital infrastructure damage or destruction.

 

The choice of which components of vital infrastructure should be taken into account will be up to the Member States, and it will be specified in the supporting metadata. Where appropriate, protective infrastructure and green infrastructure should be incorporated.

 

C-6- Disasters have caused direct economic losses to cultural heritage that has been harmed or destroyed.

 

By 2030, significantly lessen disaster-related damage to essential infrastructure and disruption of essential services, notably at health and educational facilities, in part by enhancing their resilience.

 

Global Target D; Reduce by a significant amount, by 2030, the disruption of essential services, such as health and education facilities, and damage to key infrastructure.

D-1 (compound) -Disasters attributable for crucial infrastructure damage.

D-2- number of hospitals that disasters have caused to be destroyed or damaged.

D-3- number of educational facilities that disasters have destroyed or damaged.

D-4- number of additional key infrastructure facilities and units that have been lost or damaged as a result of disasters.

 

The choice of which components of vital infrastructure should be taken into account will be up to the Member States, and it will be specified in the supporting metadata. Where appropriate, protective infrastructure and green infrastructure should be incorporated. 

 

D-5 (compound) - the quantity of fundamental service interruptions caused by calamities.

D-6- number of disasters that have caused disruptions to educational services.

D-7- The quantity of interruptions to health care caused by calamities.

D-8- number of other vital services that have been affected by calamities.

 

The Member States will decide which components of essential services should be considered for the calculation, and this choice will be outlined in the accompanying metadata.

 

Global Target E; significantly increase the national and local disaster risk strategy policies by 2020

E-1- how many nations develop and put into practice national disaster risk reduction plans in accordance with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.

E-2- percentage of local governments that follow national strategy when adopting and implementing local disaster risk reduction plans.

 

Information about the appropriate tiers of government below the national level that are in charge of disaster risk reduction should be made available.

Global Goal F: By 2030, significantly increase international collaboration with developing nations by providing them with sufficient and long-term support to complement their domestic efforts in putting this framework into place.

 

F-1- Total official international support for national catastrophe risk reduction initiatives, including official development assistance (ODA) and other official flows.

According to the procedures used in each country, information about the giving or receiving of international assistance for disaster risk reduction must be reported. The anticipated national spending on disaster risk reduction is recommended to be disclosed by recipient countries.

 

F-2- Total official foreign assistance (ODA plus other official flows) supplied by multilateral organizations for national disaster risk reduction initiatives.

F-3- Total bilateral official foreign assistance (ODA plus other official flows) for national catastrophe risk mitigation initiatives.

F-4- Total international official assistance (ODA + other official flows) for the transmission and sharing of technologies relevant to disaster risk reduction.

F-5- Numerous worldwide, regional, and bilateral projects and programs for the transmission and exchange of knowledge in catastrophe risk reduction for poor nations.

F-6- Total international official assistance (ODA plus other official flows) for improving catastrophe risk mitigation capabilities.

F-7- Numerous international, regional, and bilateral programs and initiatives for developing countries' capacity-building efforts connected to catastrophe risk reduction.

F-8- Number of developing nations whose catastrophe risk reduction-related statistical capability has been strengthened through global, regional, and bilateral programs.

 

Global Target G; by 2030, significantly increase the public's access to and availability of multi-hazard early warning systems, catastrophe risk information, and assessments.

G-1 (compound G2-G5) - number of nations with early warning systems for several hazards.

G-2- number of nations with multi-hazard forecasting and monitoring systems.

G-3- Number of persons per 100,000 who are subject to local or national dissemination methods for early warning information.

G-4- percentage of local governments that have a plan to respond to early warnings. 

G-5- Number of nations where information and assessments on disaster risk are easily available to the public at the local and national levels, and are also clear, useful, and relevant.

G-6- percentage of the populace who would otherwise be exposed to or at risk from disasters that were saved thanks to proactive evacuation after an early warning.

 

Member States that are in a position to do so are urged to share information about the total population that has been evacuated.