Changes In The Army After 1857 Revolt
After 1858, the Indian army was meticulously reorganised. The transfer of power to the Crown necessitated some changes. The European forces of the East India Company were merged with those of the Crown. The army, on the other hand, was reorganised primarily to prevent another revolt. The rulers recognised that their bayonets were the only solid foundation for their rule.
Several steps were taken to reduce Indian dominance:
• The army's European branch's dominance was meticulously ensured.
• In the Bengal Army, the proportion of Europeans to Indians was increased to one to two, and in the Madras and Bombay armies, it was increased to two to five.
• European troops were stationed in strategic geographic and military locations. The army's most important branches, such as artillery and, later in the twentieth century, tanks and armoured corps, were placed entirely in European hands.
• The previous policy of not allowing Indians into the officer corps was strictly adhered to. No Indian could rise above the rank of subedar until 1914.

• The army's Indian section was organised on the principle of "balance and counterpoise" or "divide and rule" to avoid the possibility of reuniting in an anti-British uprising.
• Discrimination in army recruitment was practised on the basis of caste, region, and religion.
• It was invented that Indians were divided into two classes: "martial" and "non-martial."
a. Soldiers from Avadh, Bihar, Central India, and South India who had initially aided the British in their conquest of India but later participated in the 1857 Revolt were declared non-martial. They were no longer enlisted in large numbers in the army.
b. The Sikhs, Gurkhas, and Pathans who had aided in the suppression of the Revolt were declared martial and large numbers of them were recruited.
• Indian regiments were made up of a mix of castes and groups that were strategically placed to balance each other. Communal, caste, tribal, and regional loyalties were encouraged among the soldiers in order to prevent the spread of nationalism.
• It was kept as far away from nationalist ideas as possible. Soldiers were denied access to newspapers, journals, and nationalist publications.
• In the end, all of these efforts failed, and sections of the Indian army played an important role in our fight for independence.
PUBLIC SERVICES
• Members of the Indian Civil Service, who were recruited through an annual open competitive examination held in London, held all positions of power and responsibility in the administration.This exam is open to Indians as well. The first Indian civil servant was Satyendranath Tagore, the brother of Rabindranath Tagore. After that, one or two Indians joined the Civil Service almost every year, but their numbers were insignificant in comparison to the English entrants.
• In practise, Indians were denied access to the Civil Service because
1. The competitive examination was held in London, which was a long way away
2. It was conducted in an alien English language
3. It was founded on Classical Greek and Latin knowledge, which could only be obtained after a lengthy and expensive course of study in England
4. From twenty-three in 1859 to nineteen in 1878, the maximum age for Civil Service entry was gradually reduced.
• In other administration departments, such as the police, public works, and railways, superior and well-paid positions were reserved for British citizens. India's rulers saw it as a necessary condition for maintaining British dominance in the country.
• In the civil service, Indians served as agents of British rule, loyally serving Britain's judicial purposes.
After 1918, the various administrative services were gradually Indianite under Indian pressure, but control and authority remained in British hands. Furthermore, the people soon discovered that the Indenisation of these services had not given them any political power.