Four Categories Musical Instruments
AWANAD/AVANADDHA VADYA
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These are the membranophone instruments as they contain an outer membrane, which is beaten to take out particular musical sounds.
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These are also known as percussion instruments as one has to strike them to generate musical sound.
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They generally have one or two faces covered with hiding or skin.
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Generally, the musical instruments included in this category are Tabla, Drum, Dhol, Congo, Mrindangum, etc.
SUSHIRA VADYA
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These are the aerophones, i.e. this category includes all the wind instruments.
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The most common instruments include Bansuri (flute), Shehnai, Pungi, Ninkirns, etc.
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Shehnai is a double reeded wind instrument with a widening tube towards the end. It is one of the oldest wind instruments in India.
GHANA VADYA
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It is the genre of the solid instruments that do not require any tuning.
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They are also called the Idiophone instruments.
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The most popular examples of Ghana Vadya are Manjira, Jaltarang, Kanchtarang, Jhanj, Khartal, etc.
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The function of these instruments is to keep rhythm and time with the song that is being sung.
TATA VADYA
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These are the Chordophones or the string instruments that function best when their sound is modified by hand.
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Examples include Sitar, Veena, and Violin etc.