Powers And Duties Of The President Of India
The President is given "executive powers of the Union" according to the constitution. The President's various powers can be examined as follows:
What Are The Executive Powers Of President Of India?
The President's executive powers and functions are as follows:
• He is the formal signatory to all executive actions taken by the Indian government.
• He can establish rules governing the authentication of orders and other instruments issued and executed in his name.
• He has the power to enact rules to make it easier for the Union government to conduct business and to allocate that business among the ministers.
• He is the one who appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers. They are in office while he is on vacation.
• He appoints India's attorney general and sets his remuneration. The Attorney General is appointed by the President and serves at his pleasure.
• He appoints the comptroller and auditor general of India, the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners, the chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of states, and so on.
• He has the authority to request from the Prime Minister any information relating to the Union's administration of affairs, as well as legislative proposals.
• He has the authority to order the Prime Minister to submit to the council of ministers any matter on which a minister has made a decision but which has not been considered by the council.
• He has the power to appoint a commission to look into the conditions of SCs, STs, and other underprivileged people.
• He has the power to appoint an inter-state council to promote cooperation between the federal government and states.
• He administers the union territories himself through administrators he appoints.
• He has the authority to declare any area a scheduled area and to administer scheduled areas and tribal areas.
What Are The Legislative Powers Of President Of India?
The President of India is a member of the Indian Parliament and has the following legislative powers.
• He has the power to summon or prorogue Parliament, as well as dissolve the Lok Sabha. He can also call a joint session of both Houses of Parliament, which is presided over by the LokSabha Speaker.
• He has the right to address the House of Commons at the start of the first session after each general election, as well as the first session of each year.
• He has the power to send messages to both Houses of Parliament, whether they are related to a bill currently before Parliament or not.
• When the Speaker and Deputy Speaker's offices become vacant, he can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over the House's proceedings. When the Chairman and Deputy Chairman positions in the Rajya Sabha become vacant, he can appoint any member of the Rajya Sabha to preside over the proceedings.
• He appoints 12 Rajya Sabha members from among those with special knowledge or experience in literature, science, art, or social service.
• He has the power to nominate two members of the Anglo-Indian Community to the Lok Sabha.
• In consultation with the Election Commission, he makes decisions on disqualifications of members of Parliament.
• Certain types of bills require his prior approval or recommendation in order to be introduced in Parliament.
A bill involving expenditures from the Consolidated Fund of India, for example, or a bill altering state boundaries or creating a new state.
• After a bill has been passed by Parliament, it is sent to the President, who can:
Whether he will sign the bill or not is up to him.
Whether he should refuse to sign the bill or not
Return the bill to the Parliament for reconsideration (if it is not a money bill).
The President must, however, give his assent to the bill if it is passed by Parliament again, with or without amendments.
When the governor reserves a bill passed by a state legislature for consideration by the President, the President can:
Whether he will sign the bill or not is up to him.
Whether he should refuse to sign the bill or not
Direct the governor to return the bill to the state legislature for reconsideration (if it is not a money bill).
It is important to note that the President is not obligated to give his assent even if the bill is passed by the state legislature again and sent to him for consideration.
When the Parliament is not in session, he can issue ordinances. The Parliament must approve these ordinances within six weeks of its re-assembly. He also has the power to revoke an ordinance at any time.
• He submits to Parliament the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General, the Union Public Service Commission, the Finance Commission, and others.
• He can make rules for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu to ensure peace, progress, and good governance. The President can also legislate through regulations in Puducherry, but only when the assembly is suspended or dissolved.
What Are The Financial Powers Of President Of India?
The President's financial powers and functions are as follows:
• Only with his prior approval can money bills be introduced in Parliament.
• He arranges for the annual financial statement to be laid before Parliament (ie, the Union Budget).
• No request for a grant can be made unless he recommends it.
• He can borrow money from India's contingency fund to cover any unexpected expenses.
• Every five years, he appoints a finance commission to recommend revenue distribution between the federal government and the states.
What Are The Judicial Powers Of President Of India?
The President's judicial powers and functions are as follows:
• He appoints the Chief Justice and Supreme Court and high court judges.
• He has the right to seek advice from the Supreme Court on any legal or factual issue. The Supreme Court's advice, on the other hand, is not binding on the President.
• He has the authority to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, and remissions of punishment, as well as to suspend, remit, or commute the sentences of anyone convicted of a crime:
In all cases where the punishment or sentence is imposed by a court martial; in all cases where the punishment or sentence is imposed for a violation of a Union law; and in all cases where the sentence is death.
Diplomatic Powers
On behalf of the President, international treaties and agreements are negotiated and signed. However, they are subject to the approval of the Parliament. He represents India in international forums and affairs, as well as dispatching and receiving diplomats such as ambassadors and high commissioners.
Military Powers
He is India's supreme commander of the armed forces. He appoints the chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force in that capacity. He has the authority to declare war or make peace, but only with the consent of the Parliament.
Emergency Powers
In addition to the normal powers mentioned above, the Constitution confers extraordinary powers on the President to deal with the following three types of emergencies:
National Emergency (Article 352);
President’s Rule (Article 356 & 365); and
Financial Emergency (Article 360)